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        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Cloud Linux Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
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      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "linux-headers-4.19.0-28-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64 as a component of Debian 10",
          "product_id": "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64"
        },
        "product_reference": "linux-headers-4.19.0-28-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "Debian-10"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "hyperv-daemons-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64 as a component of Debian 10",
          "product_id": "Debian-10:hyperv-daemons-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64"
        },
        "product_reference": "hyperv-daemons-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "Debian-10"
      },
      {
        "category": "default_component_of",
        "full_product_name": {
          "name": "linux-image-4.19.0-28-amd64-unsigned-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64 as a component of Debian 10",
          "product_id": "Debian-10:linux-image-4.19.0-28-amd64-unsigned-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64"
        },
        "product_reference": "linux-image-4.19.0-28-amd64-unsigned-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
        "relates_to_product_reference": "Debian-10"
      }
    ]
  },
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-39686",
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "description",
          "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ncomedi: Make insn_rw_emulate_bits() do insn->n samples\n\nThe `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` function is used as a default handler for\n`INSN_READ` instructions for subdevices that have a handler for\n`INSN_BITS` but not for `INSN_READ`.  Similarly, it is used as a default\nhandler for `INSN_WRITE` instructions for subdevices that have a handler\nfor `INSN_BITS` but not for `INSN_WRITE`. It works by emulating the\n`INSN_READ` or `INSN_WRITE` instruction handling with a constructed\n`INSN_BITS` instruction.  However, `INSN_READ` and `INSN_WRITE`\ninstructions are supposed to be able read or write multiple samples,\nindicated by the `insn->n` value, but `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` currently\nonly handles a single sample.  For `INSN_READ`, the comedi core will\ncopy `insn->n` samples back to user-space.  (That triggered KASAN\nkernel-infoleak errors when `insn->n` was greater than 1, but that is\nbeing fixed more generally elsewhere in the comedi core.)\n\nMake `insn_rw_emulate_bits()` either handle `insn->n` samples, or return\nan error, to conform to the general expectation for `INSN_READ` and\n`INSN_WRITE` handlers.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "under_investigation": [
          "Debian-10:hyperv-daemons-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:libbpf-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:libbpf4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:libcpupower-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:libcpupower1-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-compiler-gcc-8-x86-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-config-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-cpupower-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-doc-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.all",
          "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-all-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-all-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-common-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.all",
          "Debian-10:linux-image-4.19.0-28-amd64-unsigned-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-image-amd64-signed-template-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-kbuild-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-libc-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-perf-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
          "Debian-10:linux-source-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.all",
          "Debian-10:linux-support-4.19.0-28-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.all"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://cve.tuxcare.com/els/cve/CVE-2025-39686"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7afba9221f70d4cbce0f417c558879cba0eb5e66",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7afba9221f70d4cbce0f417c558879cba0eb5e66"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/842f307a1d115b24f2bcb2415c4e344f11f55930",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/842f307a1d115b24f2bcb2415c4e344f11f55930"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92352ed2f9ac422181e381c2430c2d0dfb46faa0",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92352ed2f9ac422181e381c2430c2d0dfb46faa0"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab77e85bd3bc006ef40738f26f446a660813da44",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab77e85bd3bc006ef40738f26f446a660813da44"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae8bc1f07bcb31b8636420e03d1f9c3df6219a2b",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae8bc1f07bcb31b8636420e03d1f9c3df6219a2b"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc0a2f142d655700db43de90cb6abf141b73d908",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dc0a2f142d655700db43de90cb6abf141b73d908"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html",
          "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html",
          "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2025-09-05T18:15:00Z",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "none_available",
          "date": "2026-08-04T12:53:57.403666Z",
          "details": "Affected",
          "product_ids": [
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            "Debian-10:libbpf-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:libbpf4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:libcpupower-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:libcpupower1-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:linux-compiler-gcc-8-x86-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
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            "Debian-10:linux-headers-4.19.0-28-all-amd64-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
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            "Debian-10:linux-image-amd64-signed-template-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:linux-kbuild-4.19-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
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            "Debian-10:linux-support-4.19.0-28-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.all"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "Debian-10:hyperv-daemons-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
            "Debian-10:libbpf-dev-0:4.19.325-1+tuxcare.els1.amd64",
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "threats": [
        {
          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Important"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}