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        "category": "legal_disclaimer",
        "text": "This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). If you distribute this content, or a modified version of it, you must provide attribution to Cloud Linux Inc. and provide a link to the original.",
        "title": "Terms of Use"
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        "summary": "Canonical URL",
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          "date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z",
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    "title": "Security update on CVE-2023-52828"
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          "category": "description",
          "text": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Detect IP == ksym.end as part of BPF program\n\nNow that bpf_throw kfunc is the first such call instruction that has\nnoreturn semantics within the verifier, this also kicks in dead code\nelimination in unprecedented ways. For one, any instruction following\na bpf_throw call will never be marked as seen. Moreover, if a callchain\nends up throwing, any instructions after the call instruction to the\neventually throwing subprog in callers will also never be marked as\nseen.\n\nThe tempting way to fix this would be to emit extra 'int3' instructions\nwhich bump the jited_len of a program, and ensure that during runtime\nwhen a program throws, we can discover its boundaries even if the call\ninstruction to bpf_throw (or to subprogs that always throw) is emitted\nas the final instruction in the program.\n\nAn example of such a program would be this:\n\ndo_something():\n\t...\n\tr0 = 0\n\texit\n\nfoo():\n\tr1 = 0\n\tcall bpf_throw\n\tr0 = 0\n\texit\n\nbar(cond):\n\tif r1 != 0 goto pc+2\n\tcall do_something\n\texit\n\tcall foo\n\tr0 = 0  // Never seen by verifier\n\texit\t//\n\nmain(ctx):\n\tr1 = ...\n\tcall bar\n\tr0 = 0\n\texit\n\nHere, if we do end up throwing, the stacktrace would be the following:\n\nbpf_throw\nfoo\nbar\nmain\n\nIn bar, the final instruction emitted will be the call to foo, as such,\nthe return address will be the subsequent instruction (which the JIT\nemits as int3 on x86). This will end up lying outside the jited_len of\nthe program, thus, when unwinding, we will fail to discover the return\naddress as belonging to any program and end up in a panic due to the\nunreliable stack unwinding of BPF programs that we never expect.\n\nTo remedy this case, make bpf_prog_ksym_find treat IP == ksym.end as\npart of the BPF program, so that is_bpf_text_address returns true when\nsuch a case occurs, and we are able to unwind reliably when the final\ninstruction ends up being a call instruction.",
          "title": "Vulnerability description"
        },
        {
          "category": "general",
          "text": "The CVSS score(s) listed for this vulnerability do not reflect the associated product's status, and are included for informational purposes to better understand the severity of this vulnerability.",
          "title": "CVSS score applicability"
        }
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      "references": [
        {
          "category": "self",
          "summary": "Canonical URL",
          "url": "https://cve.tuxcare.com/els/cve/CVE-2023-52828"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/327b92e8cb527ae097961ffd1610c720481947f5",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/327b92e8cb527ae097961ffd1610c720481947f5"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6058e4829696412457729a00734969acc6fd1d18",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6058e4829696412457729a00734969acc6fd1d18"
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        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66d9111f3517f85ef2af0337ece02683ce0faf21",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66d9111f3517f85ef2af0337ece02683ce0faf21"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/821a7e4143af115b840ec199eb179537e18af922",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/821a7e4143af115b840ec199eb179537e18af922"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa42a7cb92647786719fe9608685da345883878f",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa42a7cb92647786719fe9608685da345883878f"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf353904a82873e952633fcac4385c2fcd3a46e1",
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cf353904a82873e952633fcac4385c2fcd3a46e1"
        }
      ],
      "release_date": "2024-05-21T16:15:00Z",
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "no_fix_planned",
          "date": "2026-07-24T15:40:48.313775Z",
          "details": "This issue is a local-only availability flaw: it can trigger a kernel panic during stack unwinding of eBPF programs that use the bpf_throw kfunc, but it does not affect confidentiality or integrity. Exploitation requires the ability to load and execute custom eBPF programs; by default, unprivileged eBPF is disabled and loading such programs requires elevated capabilities (e.g., CAP_BPF/CAP_SYS_ADMIN), which typical non-privileged users and remote attackers do not possess. In centrally managed server and VM environments where arbitrary eBPF loading by untrusted users is not allowed, this is a low-priority DoS risk and can be safely deprioritized.",
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      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 5.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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          "category": "impact",
          "details": "Moderate"
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}